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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the mandibular trabecular pattern in pre- and postmenopausal age women. By analysing the strut, fractal, grey level co-occurrence matrix, and radio-morphometric indices in the panoramic radiograph. Method: Panoramic radiographs from 2019 to 2022 were used to assess pre- and postmenopausal women's bone mineral density. A total of 272 panoramic radiographs, which exhibited clear visibility of the mental foramen on both sides without any blurring, motion artefacts, surgical errors, overlapping hyoid bone, or inferior mandibular cortex, were divided into two groups. Group A (136 premenopausal women) and Group B (136 postmenopausal women). It is a retrospective study that is non-interventional/observational in design. Strut features, fractal dimensions, a grey-level co-occurrence matrix, and radio morphometric indices were used to investigate bone texture in an image processing program. The mean difference between group variables was calculated using an independent sample t-test/unpaired t-test. Results: Pre-menopausal women had a mean age of 38.83 ± 6.01 years, while postmenopausal women had a mean age of 68.26 ± 8.31 In the postmenopausal group Four regions of interest exhibited fractal dimensions with a P value of less than 0.01 and GLCM features including contrast (0.812), correlation (0.230), energy (0.215), and homogeneity (0.322). Strut features of the four regions showed that 15 of 19 characteristics were significantly different. Conclusion: Orthopantomogram is useful in screening for osteoporosis. Strut, radio-morphometric indices, and fractal analysis can assess bone texture and quality. Future research incorporating artificial intelligence can revolutionize image analysis and support clinical decision-making.
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Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the salivary pH, flow rate and opiorphin in Oral submucous fibrosis patients and to compare them with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the salivary opiorphin levels, pH and flow rate among 78 patients (39 Oral submucous fibrosis + 39 control). Burning sensation was assessed using VAS score. Opiorphin levels were assessed using Cusabio Human Salivary Opiorphin ELISA kit. Salivary flow rate was assessed using graduated syringes and salivary pH was assessed using Hydrion salivary pH strips. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk test were assessed for normality testing and distribution. Inferential statistics was done by using Unpaired t test/Independent sample t test to compare the mean values of variables included in the study among the OSMF and healthy patients. Results: There was statistically significant difference in pH and flow rate with a reduction in the mean pH (p=0.024) and flow rate (p<0.01) among the oral submucous fibrosis patients compared to the control group. A statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in salivary opiorphin levels was noted in the oral submucous fibrosis patients. Majority of the study participants had mild to moderate burning sensation. Conclusion: This study was a pilot evaluation of salivary opiorphin in OSMF. Salivary opiorphin could be used as an objective marker for chronic subjective conditions The pre-treatment and post treatment evaluation of salivary opiorphin could provide more insight on its role.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a dominant metabolic disorder in the current fast paced culture; its prevalence is escalating worldwide and among all age groups. Guidelines recommend universal screening for diabetes; however, the uptake of these tests in individuals suggests challenges owing to invasive nature of blood collection. Thus, there arises the need for a noninvasive investigation for diabetes screening with a minimum paraphilia and for all medical settings. Materials and Methods: We have thus conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, to quantify the association between diabetes and effectiveness of periodic acid-Schiff staining of exfoliative cytology as a screening method. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched systematically for publications dated till July 20, 2022. Six studies (case-control cross-sectional) were selected and evaluated in depth. The statistical evaluation was done with a forest plot with odds ratio and weightage examined. Results: It was proved that exfoliative cytology with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining can be used as a screening test for diabetic status evaluation. The findings suggest that the aforesaid noninvasive test is a conclusive screening practice for diabetics. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PAS staining in exfoliative cytology can be used as a noninvasive screening in diabetic individuals to assess the current level of blood glucose. Given the increased risk of diabetes worldwide, higher quality prospective evidence is suggested in larger sample sizes with other metabolic disorders, ethnicity, and oral disorders to further evaluate the plausibility of the results.
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BACKGROUND: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease of established immune-mediated pathogenesis. It most commonly, protractedly, and persistently involves the mucosa of the oral cavity. Antigen-specific and nonspecific mechanisms play a role in its pathogenesis, leading to T-cell accumulation in superficial lamina propria, intraepithelial T-cell migration, and keratinocyte apoptosis in OLP. Previous studies have indicated the possibility of serum lipid derangement in chronic inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis, which in turn results in elevated cardiovascular disease risk. Inflammation causes disturbances in lipid metabolism such as decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and increase in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia due to direct effect on T-cell responses. Prolonged dyslipidemia, due to chronic inflammatory condition, enhances the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and thereby augments the risk of cardiovascular disease in such patients. With this background, a possible correlation between OLP and serum lipid level derangement can be anticipated. Hence, this study was taken up to probe into an association between the two. AIMS: To determine and compare the serum lipid levels in OLP patients and healthy controls, to inquire into the possible association of OLP with alterations in serum lipid profile patterns, and to determine if the clinical characteristics of OLP differed with alterations in serum lipid profile patterns. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients comprising 30 cases and 30 controls were enrolled for the study. Thirty cases of clinically and pathologically diagnosed OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were subjected to blood examination for the assessment of serum lipid level, i.e., HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglyceride. The obtained data were compared with standard values to assess any alterations of the serum lipid levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Cramer's V-test was performed for all the tests to measure association between two nominal variables. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Dyslipidemia was observed in 13 (46.67%) cases as against 7 (23.33%) controls. Thus, a significant number of cases were found to have an associated serum dyslipidemia. However, pertaining to individual serum lipid levels in cases and controls, the association was found to be statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggested an evident association between dyslipidemia and OLP. We recommend imminent studies on a larger population to additionally substantiate a positive association between the two.
